# Arrays

Content Note

This page assumes prior knowledge of Python lists from CS61A or equivalent.

Arrays are a very popular data structure that stores an indexed list of data.

## Properties #

• Fixed length: after instantiation, the length of an array cannot be changed.
• Every value in array is the same type and holds the same amount of bits in memory.
• Zero-indexed. That means arr[0] returns the first value, and arr[arr.length] is out of bounds.
• No methods. Helper methods from other libraries (like System.arraycopy) need to be used to manipulate arrays.
• Retrieval is independent of size and takes constant time regardless of how big arrays are.

## Using Arrays in Java #

Instantiation:

• int[] a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}; assigns values.
• int b = new int[3]; creates array of provided length populated with default values.

Copying

• Simply assigning int[] c = b will copy the pointer to array b! Not the values! See Java Objects for a discussion on why this is significant.
• Use System.arraycopy(source, start, target, startTarget, amountToCopy) to shallow copy the values (or pointers) in the array. That is, if an array is holding reference types, only the pointers will be copied and not the actual values of the reference objects being held.
• System.arraycopy(b, 0, x, 3, 2) is equivalent to x[3:5] = b[0:2] in Python.

Multidimensional Arrays

• int[][] 2d = new int[4][4];or int[][] 2d = new int[][] {{1}, {2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}};will create arrays inside of an array. This is useful for storing matrices, coordinate maps, or any other multidimensional data!

Generic Arrays

• Arrays of generic objects are NOT allowed! Use ArrayLists instead.
• Or, this workaround can be used:Type[] items = (Type[]) new Object[length]

## Array Lists #

Java has another built-in type that uses an array under the hood, which is the ArrayList. Here’s how ArrayLists are different from normal arrays:

• ArrayLists can resize arbitrarily. (They use something similar to the array case study in the Amortization page.
• ArrayLists use Generic Types and therefore do not support primitive types like int.
• ArrayLists have all behaviors expected from the Collections interface.